linux:basics
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linux:basics [2017/08/25 15:47] mstraub [Date & Time] |
linux:basics [2019/08/14 11:30] mstraub [Date & Time] |
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| This page covers basic usage of / working with Linux. | This page covers basic usage of / working with Linux. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A great resource are the man pages but also the [[https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/index.html|official documentation of the GNU Coreutils]] | ||
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| ''date'' is a versatile tool for formatting dates / times and setting the system time ([[linux:installation#date_timezone|see also]]). | ''date'' is a versatile tool for formatting dates / times and setting the system time ([[linux:installation#date_timezone|see also]]). | ||
| - | Get the current system time | + | Print the current time in different formats |
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| - | date # print current system time (human readable) | + | date # default - a human readable format |
| + | date --rfc-3339=date # only the date - similar to ISO 8601 | ||
| + | date --rfc-3339=seconds # date and time - similar to ISO 8601 | ||
| + | date +%Y-%m-%dT%H%M # custom format useful for scripts, e.g. 2019-08-14T1129 | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Convert unix timestamps | ||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | date -d @1278923870 # print the unix timestamp in a human readable format | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| ====== Working with Text ====== | ====== Working with Text ====== | ||
| Line 727: | Line 740: | ||
| sort -u file.txt #sort file and only print unique lines (see also: ''uniq'') | sort -u file.txt #sort file and only print unique lines (see also: ''uniq'') | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == shuf == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Shuffle - the opposite of ''sort''. | ||
| + | People on StackOverflow claim it's faster than ''%%sort --random-sort%%''. | ||
| == uniq == | == uniq == | ||
| Line 780: | Line 798: | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
| - | Two good trick to create readable regexes is to (1) escape the whole regex with single quotes and (2) use a different separator than ''/'' when appropriate. See for yourself in this example of replacing all backslashes in a line with slashes. | + | Two good tricks to create readable regexes are to (1) escape the whole regex with single quotes and (2) use a different separator than ''/'' when appropriate. See for yourself in this example of replacing all backslashes in a line with slashes. |
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| Line 791: | Line 809: | ||
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
| sed -n 1~2p file.txt #only print odd lines (=print line 1 and then print each line at step 2) | sed -n 1~2p file.txt #only print odd lines (=print line 1 and then print each line at step 2) | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | By default ''sed'' regular expressions are limited, e.g. do not support matching groups. Use the switch ''-E'' to activate extended regular expressions and enjoy matching groups: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | sed -E 's#(.*),(.*)#\1;\2#g' #replace a single comma with a semicolon | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | However, even with extended expressions ''sed'' does not support non-greedy expressions as it is possible with PCRE (perl compatible regular expressions). A good resort is to simply use ''perl'' itself: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code bash> | ||
| + | perl -pe 's/.*thevalue="(.*?)".*/\1/g' file.txt | ||
| </code> | </code> | ||
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| == convmv - recoding of file names == | == convmv - recoding of file names == | ||
| - | By default this command only prints what it would do, use ''--notest'' when the results are as expected. | + | By default this command only prints what it would do, use ''%%--notest%%'' when the results are as expected. |
| <code bash> | <code bash> | ||
linux/basics.txt · Last modified: 2020/12/21 09:51 by mstraub
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