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====== Ubuntu Server Setup ======

This document should outline a few steps that are useful after a fresh install of an Ubuntu Server.

===== Basic Packages =====

If you are dealing with a minimal installation (meta-package ubuntu-minimal) you may want to beef it up a bit. Check what packages are typically bundled e.g. when installing Ubuntu Server or just select your server style:
<code>
tasksel # ncurses GUI
tasksel --list-tasks
tasksel --task-packages server
</code>

Some additional packages for easier CLI handling:
<code>
sudo apt install bash-completion ubuntu-release-upgrader-core software-properties-common
</code>

And some more useful tools:
<code bash>
sudo apt install htop ncdu ranger tldr tree vim
</code>

===== Java =====

If you are fine with the OpenJDK version that comes with your Ubuntu:

<code bash>
sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk-headless
</code>

A good alternative if you want other versions is https://adoptopenjdk.net - they provide ppas for free.
===== Lighttpd =====

Their documentation is a little messy, here are the relevant pages:
  * http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/TutorialConfiguration
  * http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/1/wiki/HowToSimpleSSL
  * http://redmine.lighttpd.net/projects/lighttpd/wiki/Docs_SSL

===== OpenSSH =====

Disable root login in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'':

<code>
PermitRootLogin no
</code>

A good baseline is to only allow logins via public key authentication (disable password authentication), except for a fallback user with a very long and complex password. See these lines in ''/etc/ssh/sshd_config'':
<code>
PasswordAuthentication no

# <snip>
# Match-block at end of file for exceptions:

Match User fallbackuser
  PasswordAuthentication yes
</code>

Ubuntu tutorials:
[[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Keys]] \\
[[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SSH/OpenSSH/Configuring]]

Further harden OpenSSH according to the [[https://stribika.github.io/2015/01/04/secure-secure-shell.html|secure secure shell guide]]


===== Enable Automatic Security Updates =====

Quickly enable unattended upgrades:
<code bash>
sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
</code>
This creates the file ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades''.

Then set ''Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies'' to ''true'' in ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades''.

See also:
  * ''/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades'' (and ''man apt.conf'')
  * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates]]\\
  * [[https://help.ubuntu.com/16.04/serverguide/automatic-updates.html]]


===== Decrease Swappiness =====

Add a line to ''/etc/sysctl.conf'' and override the default swappiness of 60 with a much lower value, e.g. 
<code>
vm.swappiness=10
</code>

[[http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Swap]]

===== Root Kit & Intrusion Detection =====

Have a look at at e.g. [[http://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/chkrootkit|chkrootkit]] and tiger [[http://www.nongnu.org/tiger/|tiger]]

===== Greeting =====

If you fancy a nice greeting message:

<file bash /etc/update-motd.d/99-greeting>
#!/bin/bash

# http://patorjk.com/software/taag/#p=display&h=1&f=Calvin%20S&t=my-server-name
# http://patorjk.com/software/taag/#p=display&h=1&v=0&f=ANSI%20Regular&t=my-server-name
echo "┌┬┐┬ ┬   ┌─┐┌─┐┬─┐┬  ┬┌─┐┬─┐   ┌┐┌┌─┐┌┬┐┌─┐"
echo "│││└┬┘───└─┐├┤ ├┬┘└┐┌┘├┤ ├┬┘───│││├─┤│││├┤ "
echo "┴ ┴ ┴    └─┘└─┘┴└─ └┘ └─┘┴└─   ┘└┘┴ ┴┴ ┴└─┘"

# or alternatively
# figlet my-server-name
</file>

Don't forget to make the file executable.
===== More Resources =====

[[http://plusbryan.com/my-first-5-minutes-on-a-server-or-essential-security-for-linux-servers]]\\
[[https://www.thefanclub.co.za/how-to/how-secure-ubuntu-1204-lts-server-part-1-basics]]
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